Data+integrity,+data+reliability,+data+redundancy


 * Data integrity, data reliability, data redundancy**

The scenario; A Clinic has a doctor who has many patients. Those patients have appointments, which are all in a database, hence there are 3 tables linked. Doctor – Appointment – Patient So if the patient made an appointment and then left the hospital causing the patients records to be deleted then the appointment becomes orphan data as there is an appointment in the database but there is no Patient (also known as parent data in IT terms)
 * Data integrity** in its broadest meaning refers to the trustworthiness of system resources over their entire life cycle. In more analytic terms, it is "the representational faithfulness of information to the true state of the object that the information represents, where representational faithfulness is composed of four essential qualities or core attributes: completeness, currency/timeliness, accuracy/correctness and validity/authorization." J. Efrim Boritz University of Waterloo Centre for Information Systems Assurance
 * Example**

The example of Mird__ if __or Mird__ iff __comes to mind here. Also the reference above to foreign characters, as an example, could be Mirdif in Arabic (justified because it is the native language that “//Mirdif”// was first founded in).
 * Data reliability** is a state that exists when data is sufficiently complete and error free to be convincing for its purpose and context. In addition to being reliable, data must also meet other tests for evidence.
 * Example**

For instance, in case when customer data is duplicated and attached with each product bought then redundancy of data is a known source of inconsistency, since customer might appear with different values for given attribute. Data redundancy leads to data anomalies and corruption and generally should be avoided by design. Database normalization prevents redundancy and makes the best possible usage of storage. Proper use of foreign keys can minimize data redundancy and chance of destructive anomalies.
 * Data redundancy** occurs in database systems which have a field that is repeated in two or more tables.
 * Example**